pumps in series and parallel pdf to excel

Note that the open loop gain is a complex number and in general the feedback network can be made up of complex impedances.įigure 3. The circuit in Figure 3 illustrates the problem's setup. Let's take a look at calculating the effects of finite open loop gain on an op amp circuit's response. Of course, not all problems are as simple as the one above but we can apply these simple techniques on a harder problem. You can get a quick feel for the effectiveness of a particular bypass capacitor with this kind of analysis. IMARGUMENT produces an answer in radians so convert to degrees by multiplying by 180 and dividing by π.Īs expected, the impedance of this circuit is very high and capacitive at low frequencies and decreases to a value equal to the resistance at high frequencies. The third and fourth columns use the functions IMABS and IMARGUMENT to convert the complex value in the Z in column into magnitude and phase in degrees. The first parameter is the real part, the second parameter is the imaginary part, and the 'j' specifies the standard engineering complex notation where j = √-1. Excel spreadsheet calculates RC impedance. Now, to set this up in Excel we build a spreadsheet with entries for the R, the C, and a frequency sweep as shown in Figure 2.įigure 2.

The derivation of the equations for Z in is shown in Figure 1. The equation for Z in is simply the sum of the impedances of the individual components in series. This is the kind of equivalent circuit you might see for a large value electrolytic bypass capacitor. For example, let's calculate the input impedance of the circuit in Figure 1. The complex function family allows you to work directly with the complex numbers that we need in circuit analysis. The first thing you need to know is how to use Excel's COMPLEX function.

Pumps in series and parallel pdf to excel